Visalakshi Shanmugasundaram

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the integration patterns of South Asian immigrants in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), focusing on four major ethnic groups: Indians, Pakistanis, Sri Lankans, and Bangladeshis. The study reveals varying levels of integration, with Indian and Pakistani immigrants generally exhibiting higher integration than their Sri Lankan and Bangladeshi counterparts, who tend to maintain stronger ethnic identities. While ethnic enclaves have formed—such as Brampton for Indian immigrants and Scarborough for Sri Lankans and Bangladeshis—there is also evidence of dispersion, particularly among recent Indian immigrants. The study also highlights significant political participation among South Asians, with increased representation at federal, provincial, and municipal levels. The findings emphasize the role of cultural and culinary practices in shaping integration processes and suggest that South Asians are progressively integrating into Canadian society, despite sub-ethnic divisions. The research concludes with policy recommendations aimed at fostering inclusivity while preserving cultural identities, contributing to the ongoing discourse on immigrant integration in multicultural urban settings.