Biology

O.S.S.D. with six Grade 12 U/M courses, including Grade 12 U courses in: English, Advanced Functions (MHF4U), two of Biology (SBI4U) or Chemistry (SCH4U) or Physics (SPH4U).

Notes:

1. ENG4U/EAE4U is the preferred English.
   
2. The grade(s) required in the subject prerequisites (normally in the range of 70 percent) will be determined subject to competition.
   
3. Completion of all three science courses is recommended. Biology (SBI4U) is strongly recommended.
   
4. Subject to competition, candidates may be required to present averages/grades above the minimum.

First Year: The BSc (Hons) in Biology shares a point of entry with the programs in Chemistry and Medical Physics, through which new science students at Toronto Met complete a common first year. This allows students to explore various science-based routes to degree completion before they commit to the Biology program. In addition to science foundation courses, the first year of studies will include an introduction to the use of computers as scientific tools, and an orientation course that will support students in making a successful transition to university and planning their steps to degree completion. Students in Science programs must enrol in SCI 180 in their first semester of studies.

Upper Years: In the upper years of the curriculum, students will focus on developing their technological expertise and exploring the research and industrial applications of biological science. Depending on the course sequence selected, students may pursue a BSc (Hons) in Biology, with a Minor, and with an Option in Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology or Environmental Biology. In the final year, they will consolidate their learning by undertaking an independent, faculty-supervised thesis project in their field of academic focus.

Students can enrich their studies and hone their management skills with the Optional Specialization in Management Sciences. Courses within the optional specialization cover four major areas in management sciences: Strategic Engineering Management, Operations Management/Operations Research, Finance and Organizational Behaviour. For eligibility, registration, and course information see Optional Specialization in Management Sciences (OS MS).

How to Enrol

1. Students must first find a supervisor. Descriptions of faculty research are available on the Faculty of Science website (opens in new window) .
2. Students should contact supervisors whose research interests them by email or in person. Students must give their potential supervisor an unofficial transcript (opens in new window) , a one-page resumé and a brief covering letter. This package must include their contact information, degree program and stream, a brief statement of their career goals and how this research experience would further those goals, and any relevant work experience (paid or volunteer).
3. Follow the instructions available in the  (PDF file) Research Practicum Application Form. (opens in new window) 
   

As a graduate of the Biology program, students will have high calibre skills in problem-solving and technological innovation, particularly in the areas of biotechnology and environmental science - two sectors experiencing increasing demand for qualified professionals. Here are a few of the many career paths you may take:

• Scientist, Researcher, or Science Manager (government, academia, or industry through further studies and completion of a master's degree or PhD at the post-graduate level)
• Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Sciences, Biotechnology
• Technical support (Biotechnology, Agri-Food, and Pharmaceutical Sectors)
  •  Research, Product Development and Manufacturing
  •  Quality Control
• Food and Beverage Industry
  •  Research, Product Development and Manufacturing
  •  Quality Control
• Environmental Science
• Teaching (primary, secondary, and post-secondary)
• Health Sciences (Medicine, Dentistry, and allied health sciences)

Students must take three lower level liberal studies courses and three upper level liberal studies courses to graduate. Students must not choose courses that are restricted for their program or major.

Please refer to the liberal studies chapter of this calendar for more information on the Liberal Studies Policy. Further information on liberal studies can also be found at the Faculty of Arts' Liberal Studies website (opens in new window) .

Table A - Lower Level Restrictions

Table B - Upper Level Restrictions

Students may pursue any Minor offered by Toronto Met (with some exceptions). Please refer to the Minors chapter of this calendar for further information on individual Minor requirements and exclusions.

Undergraduate students wishing to pursue a continuing education certificate program should be aware of possible program exclusions. Please refer to the Certificate Registration section of the Curriculum Advising website (opens in new window)  for complete details.

An optional co-operative program is available which provides the graduating students with 12 months of work experience integrated into their academic studies that enhances their organizational and technical abilities as well as their oral and written communication skills.

Although the Career & Co-op Centre (opens in new window)  cannot guarantee work term employment, they provide major assistance in locating suitable positions and counselling of students in their search for suitable jobs. This co-operative program enables students to earn competitive wages to offset the costs of a university education.

Students who have completed the first year of the Biology program can apply through the Career & Co-op Centre for admission to the co-operative education program at the end of first year during our Spring/Summer admissions period. This is the only time for students to apply to Co-op. Enrolment in the co-op program is limited. Admission will be based on a criteria which includes the student's grade point average, courses completed, a resume, statement of intent and interview if deemed necessary. To be admitted into the co-­op program, students must have all first year courses completed and a CLEAR Academic Standing. Students who are direct entry/transfer are not permitted into the program except on an exceptional case by case basis. Students who are ahead with significant course credits are not permitted into the program except on an exceptional case by case basis. All decisions regarding admission into the program are final and at the discretion of the Career and Co-op Centre.

The recommended sequencing of academic and work terms is shown below:

Students deviating from the prescribed co-operative work term schedule should consult with their Faculty Advisor or Program Director to ensure all graduation requirements can be met in a timely manner.

Work terms are graded on a pass/fail basis. Each work term is assessed by the School's Faculty Advisor on the basis of the student's comprehensive written report and the employer's evaluation of the student's performance on the job. Students must successfully complete 3 co-op WKT’s  in order to graduate from their program of study with a Co-op designation. Once the requirements are satisfied being able to do another work term is at the discretion of the TMU Career & Co-op Centre.

The co-op program requires five years to complete the degree in Biology. The regular program can be completed in four years.

All Co-op placements must be approved by the Career, Co-op and Student Success Centre (opens in new window)  and the Faculty Advisor for the Biology co-op program.

Additional information about co-op can be found on the Co-operative Education website: www.torontomu.ca/career-coop-student-success

A Program Advisory Council (PAC) is a group of volunteers that provides expert advice to a school or department on program related matters such as curriculum, program review, technology and trends in the industry, discipline or profession. For more information, see Senate Policy #158 (Program Advisory Councils).

Lee Beaudette, BSc, MSc, PhD
Manager, Soil Biotechnology Laboratory
Environment Canada
Biological Assessment and Standardization Section
 
Jeffery Costa, BSc, MSc (Biology '11)
Geotechnical Lab Technician at Golder Associates,
Royal Ontario Museum
 
Gary A. Epp, BSc, MSc, PhD
Manager Ecological Services - Environment
Global Ecological Services Technical Practice Group Lead
 
Tash Jefferies, BSc (Applied Chemistry and Biology '03)
Ontario Environment Industry Association (ONEIA)
 
Jonathan Newman
Deputy Director, Scientific Services
Centre of Forensic Sciences (Toronto)
Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services

Mark Surka, BSc PhD
Sr. Scientific Lead,
Oncology at Janssen, Pharmaceutical companies at Johnson and Johnson

Revised curriculum begins 2024-2025 for students admitted Fall 2020 and after.

The following table shows the recommended sequence of academic and work terms for this program.

WKT courses are graded on a pass/fail basis.

Students deviating from the prescribed co-operative work term schedule should consult with their Faculty Advisor or Program Director to ensure all graduation requirements can be met in a timely manner.

This option is available to students entering their fifth semester of the Biology program. Biophysics typically addresses biological problems at the molecular level by drawing knowledge and experimental techniques from a wide variety of disciplines to indirectly observe or model the structures and interactions of individual molecules or complexes of molecules. Biophysics is typically studied at the graduate level which makes this option at Toronto Met unique. Students who choose this option will enhance their undergraduate biology education with courses such as Radiation Biology, Health Physics and Medical Physics. Biophysics offers careers in teaching and research at educational, medical and government institutions, research and development at pharmaceutical, biotechnology and nanotechnology and other biologically oriented high-tech companies, and in regulation and public policy at all levels of government and private organizations. This undergraduate option can also lead the way to post-graduate studies toward certification as a health or medical physicist.

Revised curriculum begins 2024-2025 for students admitted Fall 2020 and after.

The following table shows the recommeded sequence of academic and work terms for this program:

WKT courses are graded on a pass/fail basis.

Students deviating from the prescribed co-operative work term schedule should consult with their Faculty Advisor or Program Director to ensure all graduation requirements can be met in a timely manner.

This option is available to students entering their fifth semester of the Biology program. Careers in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology might range from analysis of genomic sequences to visualizing the activity of an animal's nervous system or modeling the responses of a plant to changing environmental conditions. Students choosing this option will enhance their biology education with courses in computer programming, stochastic modeling and bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is a fast growing subdiscipline that uses Bioinformatics and Computational Biology methods for the interpretation of vast amounts of data from high throughout techniques in the biological field. Students who chose to study computational biology will be exposed to this rapidly evolving field and can pursue a career in the Life Sciences as a scientific curator, gene analyst, protein analyst, or phylogenist, in the Computer Science/Engineering area as a database programmer or bioinformatics software developer, in Applied Sciences as a molecular modeller or biostatistician, or Pharmaceutical Sciences as a Cheminformatician or pharmacogenetician.

Revised curriculum begins 2024-2025 for students admitted Fall 2020 and after.

The following table shows the recommended sequence of academic and work terms for this program:

WKT courses are graded on a pass/fail basis.

Students deviating from the prescribed co-operative work term schedule should consult with their Faculty Advisor or Program Director to ensure all graduation requirements can be met in a timely manner.

This option is available to students entering their fifth semester of the Biology program. Students will receive training in wastewater technologies, environmental engineering, ecotoxicology, digital image analysis, chemical analytical techniques, ecosystem ecology, wetlands management, data recording and transmission, and statistical and policy analyses. Well educated undergraduates in the Environmental Biology (EVB) option are fundamentally important for research and development of novel technologies to protect and remediate the environment and develop improved and sustainable alternatives. Graduates of the EVB option will likely enjoy great demand for direct employment in government and private organizations and in the ever-growing “green” industries.

Revised curriculum begins 2024-2025 for students admitted Fall 2020 and after.

The following table shows the recommended sequence of academic and work terms for this program:

WKT courses are graded on a pass/fail basis.

Students deviating from the prescribed co-operative work term schedule should consult with their Faculty Advisor or Program Director to ensure all graduation requirements can be met in a timely manner.